鐵路(lu)電(dian)源主要用於電(dian)鍍金(jin)、銀、鎳、錫及合(he)金(jin)時,可(ke)顯著提高(gao)鍍(du)層的功(gong)能性(xing);用於保(bao)護(hu)性(xing)裝飾(shi)電(dian)鍍(如(ru)裝飾(shi)金(jin))時,鍍(du)層顏色均(jun)勻(yun),亮度(du)好(hao),耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強。直流(liu)脈沖供電(dian)的原(yuan)理是(shi)通(tong)過慢速儲(chu)能,使(shi)壹(yi)次能源有足夠的能量(liang);中(zhong)間(jian)能量(liang)存儲(chu)和脈沖形成(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)然(ran)後被充(chong)電(dian)(或註(zhu)入(ru))能量(liang),該(gai)能量(liang)被存儲(chu)、壓(ya)縮和脈沖形成(cheng)。
鐵(tie)路(lu)電(dian)源在脈沖電(dian)鍍過程中(zhong),通電(dian)時,脈沖(峰值)電(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)當於普通(tong)直流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)幾(ji)倍甚(shen)至幾(ji)十倍(bei)。正(zheng)是這種(zhong)瞬(shun)間(jian)的高(gao)電(dian)流(liu)密(mi)度,使(shi)金(jin)屬離(li)子(zi)在非常(chang)高(gao)的(de)過電(dian)位下(xia)還原(yuan),使(shi)沈積層的晶(jing)粒(li)變(bian)細。
當電(dian)源的內(nei)電(dian)阻可(ke)以(yi)忽略(lve)不(bu)計(ji)時,可(ke)以(yi)認(ren)為電(dian)源的電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)在量值(zhi)上(shang)近似地等(deng)於電(dian)源兩極(ji)間(jian)的電(dian)位差(cha)或電(dian)壓(ya)。
為了取得(de)較高(gao)的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya),常將直流(liu)電(dian)源串聯(lian)使用,這時總電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)為各電(dian)源的電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)之(zhi)和,總內(nei)阻(zu)也(ye)為各電(dian)源內(nei)電(dian)阻之(zhi)和。由於內(nei)阻(zu)增(zeng)大,壹(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)能用於所需電(dian)流(liu)強(qiang)度(du)較小的電(dian)路(lu)。為了取得(de)較大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)強(qiang)度(du),可(ke)以(yi)將等(deng)電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)的直流(liu)電(dian)源並聯(lian)使用,這時總電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)即為單個(ge)電(dian)源的電(dian)動(dong)勢(shi),總內(nei)阻(zu)為各電(dian)源內(nei)電(dian)阻的(de)並聯(lian)值(zhi)。
鐵(tie)路(lu)電(dian)源的類(lei)型很(hen)多(duo),不(bu)同類(lei)型的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)源中(zhong),非靜電(dian)力(li)的(de)性質(zhi)不(bu)同,能量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)過程也(ye)不(bu)同。在化學電(dian)池(chi)(例如(ru)幹(gan)電(dian)池(chi)、蓄電(dian)池(chi)等)中(zhong),非靜電(dian)力(li)是(shi)與離(li)子(zi)的(de)溶解(jie)和沈積過程相(xiang)聯(lian)系的(de)化學作(zuo)用,化學電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)時,化學能轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)能和焦耳熱在溫(wen)差(cha)電(dian)源(例如(ru)金(jin)屬溫(wen)差(cha)電(dian)偶、半導體溫(wen)差(cha)電(dian)偶)中(zhong),非靜電(dian)力(li)是(shi)與溫(wen)度(du)差(cha)和電(dian)子(zi)的(de)濃(nong)度差(cha)相(xiang)聯(lian)系的(de)擴(kuo)散作(zuo)用,溫(wen)差(cha)電(dian)源向外(wai)電(dian)路(lu)提(ti)供功(gong)率時,熱能部(bu)分(fen)地轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)能。在直流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)機中(zhong),非靜電(dian)力(li)是(shi)電(dian)磁感(gan)應(ying)作(zuo)用,直流(liu)發(fa)電(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)時,機械能轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)能與(yu)焦耳熱。在光電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong),非靜電(dian)力(li)是(shi)光生伏打效應(ying)的(de)作(zuo)用,光電(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)時,光(guang)能轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)能和焦耳熱。
當市(shi)電(dian)經過輸入(ru)開關(guan)接(jie)通(tong)變(bian)壓(ya)器將市(shi)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)轉換(huan)成(cheng)所(suo)設(she)計(ji)的電(dian)壓(ya)後,進(jin)入(ru)了預(yu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu),預(yu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)是(shi)對(dui)所(suo)要的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)進(jin)行初步穩壓(ya),其目(mu)的是(shi)降低大功(gong)率調(tiao)整(zheng)管(guan)的(de)輸入(ru)與輸出(chu)之(zhi)間(jian)的管(guan)壓(ya)降,減少(shao)大功(gong)率調(tiao)整(zheng)管(guan)的(de)功(gong)耗,提(ti)高(gao)工作(zuo)效率,預(yu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)源壹般(ban)由可(ke)控(kong)矽(gui)無級(ji)移相(xiang)調(tiao)整(zheng)式(shi)用繼電(dian)器切換(huan)變(bian)壓(ya)器輸出(chu)的(de)抽頭進(jin)行穩壓(ya)。
①後得(de)到的電(dian)壓(ya)基本穩定(ding)紋波相(xiang)對(dui)較小的直流(liu)電(dian)經過在控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)大功(gong)率調(tiao)整(zheng)管(guan)進(jin)行精(jing)確(que)快(kuai)速的(de)問頂壓(ya)後將得(de)到穩壓(ya)精度(du)和性能符(fu)合的(de)直流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)再(zai)經(jing)過濾(lv)波(bo)器
②進(jin)行濾(lv)波(bo)後既得(de)到我的所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)輸出(chu)直流(liu)電(dian)為了得(de)到我的所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)值或穩流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi),我(wo)們還(hai)需(xu)要對(dui)輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)值和電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)進(jin)行取樣檢(jian)測並(bing)將其傳送到控(kong)制(zhi)/保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu),控(kong)制(zhi)/保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)將檢(jian)測到的輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)值和電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)/電(dian)流(liu)設(she)定(ding)電(dian)路(lu)所(suo)設定(ding)的(de)值進(jin)行比(bi)較分析後驅(qu)動(dong)預(yu)穩壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)和大功(gong)率調(tiao)整(zheng)管(guan)使(shi)鐵路(lu)電(dian)源能輸出(chu)我(wo)們所(suo)設(she)定(ding)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi),同時當控(kong)制(zhi)/保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)檢(jian)測到異(yi)常(chang)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)或電(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)等(deng)情(qing)況下(xia)將啟動(dong)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)使(shi)鐵路(lu)電(dian)源進(jin)入(ru)保(bao)護(hu)狀態。